When One Diagnosis Reveals Another...

When one question leads to another.

Sure, these are of ten the whiz kids who dazzle judges and win big awards. But it could be you as well. And the benef its f rom sticking with some research theme f or a year or more go well beyond gaining the knowledge to potentially wow teachers and science f air judges. Teens who carry out long-term research projects also gain a lif e lesson in curiosity, discipline and resilience. These are ...

When Can One Finite Monoid Simulate Another?

Synchronous bilateral acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid: when a tumor reveals another one.

INTRODUCTION Acinic cell carcinoma is a rare form (2-4%) of parotid tumor. It is, however, the most frequent form of bilateral parotid tumor and the second most frequent form in children. CASE REPORT A 22-year-old man had several years' history of left parotid tumor, discovered to be acinic cell carcinoma. MRI found a synchronous contralateral tumor of the same histologic nature. DISCUSSION...

When Should Two Minds Be Considered Versions of One Another?

What does it mean for one mind to be a different version of another one, or a natural continuation of another one? Or put differently: when can two minds sensibly be considered versions of one another? This question occurs in relation to mind uploading, where one wants to be able to assess whether an approximate upload constitutes a genuine continuation of the uploaded mind or not. It also occu...

Give Me Another One!

We investigate the complexity of an optimization problem in Boolean propositional logic related to information theory: Given a conjunctive formula over a set of relations, find a satisfying assignment with minimal Hamming distance to a given assignment that satisfies the formula (NearestOtherSolution, NOSol). We present a complete classification with respect to the relations admitted in the for...